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-
- A malfunctioning RAM chip will normally produce an error code that
- can be used to determine which of the chips is bad. There are several
- things needed to locate the bad chip.
-
- First determine whether your error came from the system board or a
- memory expansion unit. This is indicated by the diagnostics program
- showing a 3-digit error, 1xx or 2xx (the second and third digits don't
- matter yet). This is followed by a 4-digit number that will be used in
- a moment. System board errors start with 1 and expansion board errors
- start with 2. The following refers only to the errors in system memory,
- since expansion cards vary in layout.
-
- Determine which type of system board you have (64K or 256K), then
- use the corresponding table below. The 64K boards usually have four
- rows of chips in the front left corner that end with 16 (e.g. 4116),
- while the 256K boards have chips that end with 64 (e.g. 4164, 4864,
- depending on the manufacturer). Make sure that you are trying to
- replace the bad chip with the correct new one.
-
- Now look at the 4-digit code that was given. The first two digits
- represent the "row" that the chip is in, while the second two tell how
- far down the row the chip is. The rows are labelled BANK0, BANK1,
- BANK2, and BANK3 on the circuit board at the far left edge. At this
- point it is appropriate to spend a moment in silent meditation,
- imploring that the bad chip is in a socket and not soldered to the
- board. As a recent author wrote, "A $3000 system board is not the place
- to brush up on your soldering techniques."
-
- Some PC's will have BANK3 nearest the front edge of the computer
- and BANK0 at the rear, while some compatibles reverse this order to keep
- things interesting. For that reason, double check the location of BANK0
- on the board before proceeding. (If it is closer to the back, then
- continue, otherwise use a mirror.)
-
- For 64K boards:
- second 2 digits
- 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8
- 0 1 2 4 8 0 0 0 0
- first 2 digits
- 00 BANK0 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ <- "chips"
-
- 04 BANK1 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
- < Left
- 08 BANK2 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ (usually)
- \/ Front
- 0C BANK3 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- For 256K boards:
- second 2 digits
- 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 8
- 0 1 2 4 8 0 0 0 0
- first 2 digits
- 00 BANK0 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
-
- 10 BANK1 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
-
- 20 BANK2 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
-
- 40 BANK3 █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ █
-
-
- In general, expansion boards are arranged so that the rows run
- from the back of the computer to the front on the card, and the
- positions in the row run from the bottom to top. Therefore, you can try
- to figure out which chip is bad by using some hexadecimal arithmetic and
- lots of lucky guesses.
-
- The chip represented by 00 for the second 2 digits refer to the
- parity bit in the byte. This is either the top or bottom chip in the
- row, again depending on the manufacturer. On at least one AST Six-Pak,
- the parity bit is the located in the chip at the bottom of the board.
- The banks on the expansion board will start with error codes 2xx 4000 in
- a 256K system board computer and go as high as 2xx 9xxx with 640K of RAM
- installed. 64K machines start at 2xx 1000 on the expansion boards.
-
- The following diagram is only a starting point for your educated
- guessing. It may or may not be accurate for the expansion card you are
- using. Trail and error will show which arrangement the board uses for
- the second two digits of the error code. When you think you know which
- chip is faulty, switch it into a different row and see if the error code
- changes accordingly. If it did, you were obviously as clever as YOU
- thought you were. If it didn't, you were as clever as WE thought you
- were. Good luck!
-
- Second 2 digits
- ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 00 80
- ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 80 40
- ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 40 20
- ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 20 10
- Front ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 10 OR 08 Back
- <--- of ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 08 04 of --->
- Computer ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 04 02 Computer
- ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 02 01
- ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ ▄ 01 00
- \/ Bottom
- \/ of 90 80 70 60 50 40
- \/ Card First 2 digits with 256K system
- board (subtract 30 for 64K)
-
-
- As a last resort, check your technical reference manual for your
- particular computer and expansion cards.
-
- Submitted by
- Steve Nelson
- 5/29/85
-
-